Morgan,+Tabby,+and+Channing

=** ﻿Tabby- ﻿ Pu ** rple **Morgan-﻿** Blue Channing- Orange = =__**// ﻿﻿At War With the Homeland //**__=
 * ==[[image:http://images-mediawiki-sites.thefullwiki.org/05/2/3/2/3274021361144416.jpg width="138" height="166" align="right" caption="Mercy Otis Warren"]]==

__**The Second Continental Congress**__
=**// __﻿__The War Of Independence //**=
 * Fighting at Lexington and Concord
 * Continental Congress met in Philidelphia May 1775
 * The second continental moved carefully
 * An olive brach has stood for peace since ancient times
 * The congressasked all the colonies to send soldiers to massachusetts
 * It chase George Washington of virginia to lead this new contenental army
 * Washington who had fought in the freanch and indon war came to the meating in unform to show that he would like to be the army's general

__The British Advantage__

 * George Washington's army was made up of mostly first time soldiers
 * British used hired soldiers to fight on their side
 * British had problems because the war was 3,000 miles away
 * They had trouble getting supplies across the Atlantic Ocean
 * The british took advantage of the Continental Army
 * The British had 50,000 soldiers
 * George Washinton's army had no more then 10,000 people
 * If the Continentals didn't get their pay as soldiers they would no longer stay in the army
 * George Washington did his best to keep his army together

= //__**The Decision for Independence**__// =
 * Colonists believed the British problems could be solved without fighting
 * They hoped that the King of Parliament would let them take part in making laws
 * In 1776, the colonists prepared for a long war

__The First Steps__

 * Thomas Paine did the most to change colinists' opinions
 * In January 1776 Paine published a pamphlet called //Common Sense//
 * __Paine felt that people should rule themselves__
 * He called for a sudden revolution
 * He said the colonies should cut their ties with the British government
 * People throughout the colonies talked about //Common Sense//
 * After almost a year of war, the idea of independence sounded good to many colonists
 * It also sounded good to many members of the Second Continental Congress
 * In June 1776, Richard Henry Lee gave a speech to congress

__[|Writing the Declaration]__

 * Thomas jefferson wanted his words to help the coloinist win thier war for freedom
 * He wrote very carefully
 * He had to state the facts so people would agree that the cause for indepence was right and worth fighting for
 * Jefferson planned the Declaration in several parts
 * In the inrtoduction, he started with why the Declaration was needed
 * In the second part of the Declaration, Jefferson listed the colonists' main ideas about government
 * The words he wrote in 1776 are among the most famous in American history
 * In the third and longest part of the Declaration, Jefferson listed the colonists' //grievances//
 * He also listed ways the colonists had tried to settle thier differences with the British governent peacefully
 * In the last part of the Declaration Jefferson described that the 13 colonies were no longer a part of Britain
 * When he finished writing Jefferson gave the Declaration to Congress
 * On June 28th it was read aloud
 * Then the members returned to Lee's idea about cutting ties with Britain
 * On July 2nd 1776 Lee's idea was approved without a single "no" vote
 * The Congress spent the next two days talking and thinking about the Declaration
 * After making small changes it was approved on July 4th 1776
 * Finally, the 13 colonies had declared independence

= __Americans Take Sides__ =
 * Chapter 8 Vocabulary ||
 * olive branch-A symbol of peace ||
 * Continental-A soldier in the first colonial army ||
 * mercenary-A hired soldier ||
 * enlist-To join ||
 * revolution-A sudden, complete change of government ||
 * independence-Freedom to govern on one's own ||
 * allegiance-Loyalty ||
 * declaration-An official statement ||
 * grievance-A complaint ||
 * neutral-Not taking a side in a conflict ||
 * pacifist-A believer in a peaceful settlement ||
 * movement-An effort by many people ||
 * enroach-To move onto without asking for permission ||
 * regiment-A troop of soldiers ||
 * siege-A long-lasting attack ||
 * treaty-An agreement between countries ||
 * negotiate-To talk with one another to work out an agreement ||
 * After the Declaration was signed, peple had to decide if they would support the colonies or the British king
 * Some chose to be //neutral,// or taking neither side
 * Those who chose to be neutral were willing to accept the outcome of the revolution
 * Even if it was to be ruled by the British king or to be free
 * Almost a third of the colonists were Loyalists and another third were Patriots
 * The last third of colonists chose to be neutral
 * Friends, neighbors, and even families were torn apart from having to choose sides
 * The fighting became a civil war, and it was almost as bad as the war was when the colonists were fighting with the British

__ Churches and the War __

 * Many factors changed people's views on independence
 * One was religion"There is a time to play and a time to fight" a young Lutheran minister told some coloists
 * Then all of a sudden he tore off his minister robe and suddenly was wearing a uniform of a Patriot militia officer
 * His father the colonies' Lutheran leader was shocked
 * He himself was a loyalist
 * The Lutherans like many other church groups were divided between ﻿Patriots and Loyalists
 * Taking sides was espeshially hard for the Anglican Church members
 * The British king was the head of the Anglican Church
 * Many Anglican in the northern and middle colonies supported the king
 * Most Congregationalists worked for independence
 * Also many northern Presbeterians and Baptists worked for independence
 * However many southern Presbeterians were Loyalists
 * Many Quakers or members of the Society of Friends wouldn't fight in the war for independence
 * Quakers are against all wars because they believe that violence for any reason is wrong
 * These people published pamphlets calling for an end to the war
 * Loyalists and Patriots both saw these poeple as their enemies

__ Women and War __

 * Many women took part in the movement to gain freedom
 * When Patriot leaders asked the people to boycutt British made goods the women worked together to make their own goods
 * Many women also worked for independence in other ways
 * Some formed groups to raise money and get clothes for the soldiers
 * Women also took part in the fighting
 * Some traveled with their husband after they joined the Continental army
 * When on women's husband fell during the Battle of Monmouth she took over the cannon he was using
 * Mercey Otis Warren wrote a play that made fun of the British and supported the Patriots
 * Not all women were Patriots some were Loyalists
 * Some even fought for the British

__Native Americans and the War__

 * Over the years Native Americans got angry because the American colonists and the British were going on to their land without asking for permission
 * By 1776 the land by the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River was being taken over by the Europeans even though the Proclamation of 1763 forbade settelment there
 * Many Native Americans depended on Europeans as trading partners
 * For this reason the Patriots hoped the Indians would stay out of war
 * British however gave Indians guns and other goods if they agreed to fight for them
 * In the Hudson River valley some of the Iroquois were Patriots and some fought for the British
 * Some Indians decided to stay out of the fighting

__ Africans and the War __
= Biography =
 * At the start of the war free Africans were as quick to take sides as their European neaighbors
 * Both free and enslaved Africans fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill in Boston
 * About 5,000 Africans fought in the Continental army during the Revolutionary War
 * All enslaved Africans who inlisted in the Continental army were promised freedom after the war as a reward
 * Some thought that freedom were so great they changed their names to names like Cuff Freedom, Dick Freedom, Ned Freedom, Peter Freeman, Cuff Liberty, Jeffery Liberty,and Pomp Liberty
 * The royal governer of Virginia, John Murray also promised to free slaves if they ran away from their owners and fought on the British side
 * In a few weeks almost 300 runaway slaves joined the Ethiopian //Regiment// of the British army
 * These soldiers wore uniforms that had patches on them that said //Liberty of Slaves//

1753?-1784
When she was only five or six years old a young African from the country of Senegal was kidnapped and enslaved.She was sold to John Wheatly in Boston of 1761.Unlike many other slave owners Wheatly sent Phillis to school and then freed her. Phillis Wheatly who took the last name from her owner became one of the earliest American poets.